Mountain rescue and search and rescue nutrition: fuelling a callout

Written by James Frost, founder of Flaming Phoenix and the maker of Phoenix Bars. Updated November 2026.

Quick answer: Aim to eat about 200 to 300 calories an hour on a callout, and keep enough sealed, long-life, no-prep food in the bag for a long night plus a reserve. For an 8-hour shout that is roughly 2,100 to 2,900 calories, about 470 to 640g of dense food such as nuts, flapjack or high-calorie bars.

A callout is unplanned and open-ended, so the food a rescue team member relies on has to already be packed in the callout bag, give a lot of calories for very little weight, last for months unopened, and be easy to eat one-handed in the cold while working. The real problem is having food you can grab on the way out of the door and eat on the move, with no idea whether you will be home in two hours or at first light.

Why callout nutrition is its own problem

Expedition food is planned. You know the route, the number of days, and roughly what each day demands, and you pack accordingly. A callout is the opposite. The alert comes by text or phone, often in the middle of a meal or out of a deep sleep, and you leave at once. You do not know the terrain you will end up on, how long the search will run, or when you will get back. That changes what good food looks like. It has to live ready-packed in the bag for whenever the call comes, carry enough energy to cover a shift of unknown length, and be edible while you are actually working a search line or helping move a casualty, not sat down at a rest stop. The same readiness thinking underpins all emergency food preparedness, but a rescue callout adds the demand of hard physical work in poor conditions on top.

What the callout bag needs from its food

The food in a callout bag has to do four things at once: last a long time unopened so it is always ready, pack a lot of energy into very little weight and space, survive cold without becoming impossible to eat, and go down easily while you are on the move. Anything that needs preparation, spoils quickly, or has to be eaten sitting down fails the test, because a callout rarely gives you the time or the conditions for any of those.

Shelf life is the part people underrate. A callout bag sits packed and untouched for weeks or months between shouts, so anything in it needs to keep without thinking about it. So sealed, long-life food beats fresh items you have to remember to replace. As a reference point, sealed high-calorie bars and foil-packed nuts usually carry best-before dates many months ahead, so they can live in the bag and still be good whenever the call finally comes.

The energy a callout demands

A callout is physically hard work. Carrying a full rescue pack over rough ground in the dark, moving as part of a stretcher team, walking long search lines for hours, and doing it in cold and wet all add up to a high calorie burn that can last all night, often after you have already been on your feet at work all day. Aim for small, regular amounts across an unpredictable shift, because you will not have time to sit down to a big meal. Food that delivers a lot of energy per gram is what makes that possible without adding weight to a bag already full of rescue kit. The principle is covered in more depth in this guide to calorie-dense foods, and it matters as much here as it does for any high-altitude mountaineering day.

Because callouts so often run through the night, the same fuelling logic as night shift nutrition applies: eating little and often through the small hours, when both the body and the temperature are at their lowest, helps keep you alert for the hardest part of the night.

Food that works in the cold

Cold is the detail that catches a lot of standard kit out. Many energy bars and snacks harden or freeze solid on a winter hill, which makes them difficult or impossible to eat exactly when you need the energy most. Food that stays soft enough to eat in the cold is useful on a night callout, and our ranking of the best energy bars for expeditions compares how bars cope with cold. At a rest point or back at the vehicle, a hot drink or a high-calorie porridge adds warmth as well as calories.

Eating while you work

On a real callout you eat standing up, one-handed, often without breaking from the task. That rules out anything fiddly. Food you can take out of a pocket and eat without stopping, like bars, nuts and dried fruit, is what actually gets eaten, which is why simple, accessible high-calorie snacks beat an elaborate meal you will never get the chance to prepare. Keep the easy stuff somewhere you can reach without taking the pack off.

The interrupted meal, and the long shout

Two things make rescue work harder on the body than a normal day out. You often start the shift having left a meal half-eaten, so you may already be short of fuel before you begin. And the shift has no fixed end, so the food you carry has to cover the possibility of a long night, not just the hour you expect. Carrying a couple of calorie-dense items in reserve, on top of your usual snacks, covers the callout that turns into an all-nighter without weighing you down on the one that does not.

How much food should be in a callout bag?

Enough for the longest shout you would realistically stay out for, plus a reserve. Eating 200 to 300 calories an hour is a practical target on hard ground, in line with the 30 to 60g of carbohydrate an hour that sports nutrition guidelines suggest for long efforts. The table adds a 500-calorie reserve for the shout that runs on; the figures are rounded and approximate.

Most team members settle on a bag that covers four to eight hours, then add more from the kitchen drawer if a search is likely to run long. If you already left a meal half-eaten when the pager went, eat something from the bag on the drive in.

Where Phoenix Bars fit

I make Phoenix Bars, so weigh this section with that in mind. They carry up to 557 calories in a compact, 120g bar and keep for up to two years (Cherry Bakewell up to 12 months), so they can sit ready in the bag between shouts. You can eat one as a bar on the move or mix it with water into porridge at a rest point; how to make a Phoenix Bar into porridge sets out the method. On the Winter Spine Challenger South, in temperatures around or below freezing, Christian Poulton found they stayed soft enough to eat when some of his other food was too hard. They are also vegan and gluten-free in every flavour. The Starter bundle (12 bars) is a simple way to try them, and the Essential bundle (18 bars) keeps a callout bag and a kitchen drawer stocked.

For teams and kit organisers

If you are pulling together food for a whole team, the priorities shift toward shelf life, checking labels against the dietary needs of a mixed group, and predictable calories that do not depend on anyone preparing anything. Our high calorie bars carry full allergen information on the label and come in bundles suited to that. We can arrange bulk supply for rescue teams and other emergency and outdoor organisations. Get in touch through the contact page to discuss it.

Frequently asked questions

What food should you carry on a mountain rescue callout?
Food that is ready-packed, calorie-dense, long-life and easy to eat on the move: nuts, dried fruit, flapjack, high-calorie bars and other grab-and-go items that need no preparation. Keep a couple of dense items in reserve in case the callout runs long.

How much food should you take on a callout?
More than you expect to need, because the duration is unpredictable. At 200 to 300 calories an hour plus a 500-calorie reserve, a 4-hour callout needs roughly 1,300 to 1,700 calories and an all-night one 2,900 to 4,100, which in dense food is still under a kilo.

What food works in the cold on a winter callout?
Food that stays soft at low temperatures, since many standard bars and sweets harden in the cold. Nuts, fat-based bars and anything you can keep in an inside pocket stay edible, and anything that can be turned into a warm drink or porridge at a rest point adds welcome heat as well as calories.

What is the best food to keep in a callout bag long term?
Sealed, long-life food that you do not have to remember to replace, such as foil-packed nuts and bars with best-before dates a year or more ahead. A long shelf life is what keeps a callout bag ready, because the bag may sit untouched for months between shouts and the food still needs to be good when the call comes.

Does callout food need a long shelf life?
Yes. Because a callout bag is packed and left ready between incidents, fresh or short-life food has to be checked and swapped constantly, which is easy to forget. Long-life food that keeps for a year or more removes that maintenance and stays reliable.

How often should you check the food in a callout bag?
Every few months, at the same time you check head torch batteries and first aid kit dates. Eat or replace anything within a couple of months of its best-before date, and restock straight after any long shout so the bag is never half-empty when the next call comes.

Written by James Frost, founder of Flaming Phoenix and the maker of Phoenix Bars. This is general guidance for team members, not advice from any rescue organisation. Read more on the my story page.

Related guides

Tactical athlete nutrition · Field nutrition for aid workers · Offshore workers nutrition · Emergency services nutrition

Sources: American College of Sports Medicine, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and Dietitians of Canada, joint position statement on nutrition and athletic performance (2016).